Edgar Allan Poe Writes A Story Based on a Boston Harbor Legend

Posted by Wayne G. Barber

Edgar Allan Poe based the macabre short story, The Cask of Amontillado, on a legend he heard while serving in a fort in Boston Harbor. Fifty years after he published the story, evidence surfaced that it wasn’t just a legend.

Poe joined the army in 1827 because he was flat broke. He had quarreled with his aristocratic foster father, dropped out of the University of Virginia and taken a coal vessel to the city of his birth, Boston. He worked as a clerk and a newspaper reporter for two months.
By May 26, 1827, he was desperate, so he enlisted for five years as a common soldier. He gave his name as Edgar Perry and his age as 22, though he was only 18. Why did he lie? Possibly to avoid paying gambling debts, possibly because he needed his father’s permission to enlist if he was only 18.
He was stationed at Fort Independence on Castle Island. Castle Island today is connected to South Boston by a narrow strip of land. There had been a fort on Castle Island since 1634, and Fort Independence was named by President John Adams.
Poe was with Battery H of the First Artillery and earned $5 a month. He was reasonably content, a brief departure in a life marked by dissolution, poverty and troubles with women.  His life was structured, he was promoted to sergeant-major and his duties, mostly clerical, weren’t unpleasant.
While serving on Castle Island he published 50 copies of his first volume of poetry, Tamerlane, ‘By a Bostonian.’
He also learned of a legendary duel that had taken place outside the fort on Christmas Day in 1817.  Two lieutenants, Robert F. Massie and Gustavus Drane, had argued over a card game. Drane, who nobody liked, killed the popular Massie in the duel.
Massie’s friends were so angered, the legend went, that they got Drane drunk and sealed him up in a vault within the fort.

Fort Independence

The legend wasn’t true. Military records show Drane was promoted to captain and died in 1846.
But Edgar Allan Poe kept the legend alive. In 1846, he published The Cask of Amontillado in Godey’s Lady’s Book. The story is set in a nameless Italian city in an unspecified year. The owner of a wine cellar wants revenge for the murder of a relative. He suspect a friend, who he invited into the cellar to taste the wine. The friend gets drunker and drunker until they reach the final cask -- the cask of Amontillado -- and the friend collapses, drunk. The owner then bricks him up in the wall of a niche and leaves him to die.
The legend got a boost in 1905 when the old fort was renovated. A skeleton, reportedly wearing scraps of an old military uniform, was found chained to the wall of an abandoned casement inside the fort.
Today, Fort Independence is a historic monument and public park.
Source: New England Historical Society